Additional, Advisory Techniques

• Set expectations about content in the page from uncontrolled sources
• Provide sign language interpretation for all content
• Use the clearest and simplest language appropriate for the content
• Avoid centrally aligned text
• Avoid text that is fully justified (to both left and right margins) in a way that causes
  poor spacing between words or characters
• Use left-justified text for languages that are written left to right and right-justified
  text for languages that are written right-to-left
• Limit text column width
• Avoid chunks of italic text
• Avoid overuse of different styles on individual pages and in sites
• Make links visually distinct
• Use images, illustrations, video, audio, or symbols to clarify meaning
• Provide practical examples to clarify content
• Use a light pastel background rather than a white background behind black text
• Avoid the use of unique interface controls unnecessarily
• Use upper and lower case according to the spelling rules of the text language
• Avoid unusual foreign words
• Provide sign language versions of information, ideas, and processes that must be
  understood in order to use the content
• Make any reference to a location in a Web page into a link to that location
• Make references to a heading or title include the full text of the title
• Provide easy-to-read versions of basic information about a set of Web pages, including
  information about how to contact the Webmaster
• Provide a sign language version of basic information about a set of Web pages,
  including information about how to contact the Webmaster

How to. Mandatory techniques

• Identify default human language(s) using language attributes on the html element

Additional, Advisory Techniques

• Specifying the default language in the HTTP header
• Use http or the Content-Language meta tag for metadata

How to. Mandatory techniques

• Identify changes in human languages using language attributes to identify changes in the human language

Additional, Advisory Techniques

• Make text that is not in the default human language of the Web page visually distinct

• Give the names of any languages used in foreign passages or phrases

• Provide language markup on proper names to facilitate correct pronunciation by screen readers

How to. Mandatory techniques

If the word or phrase has a unique meaning within the Web page

• Provide the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way for the first occurrence of the word or phrase in a Web page by linking to definitions (use definition lists or the link element to link to a glossary ) or using inline definitions (use the dfn element to identify the defining instance of a word)
• Provide the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way for each occurrence of the word or phrase in a Web page by linking to definitions (use definition lists or the link element to link to a glossary), providing a glossary or a function to search an online dictionary

If the word or phrase means different things within the same Web page

• Provide the definition of a word or phrase used in an unusual or restricted way for each occurrence of the word or phrase in a Web page by linking to definitions (use definition lists or the the link element to link to a glossary) or using inline definitions (use the dfn element to identify the defining instance of a word)

Additional, Advisory Techniques

• Use markup and visual formatting to help users recognize words that have special meaning

• Provide a voice-enabled dictionary search so that users who have difficulty typing or spelling can speak the word whose definition they need

• Provide a sign language dictionary to help users who are deaf find the necessary definitions

• Provide a mechanism for finding definitions for all words in text content

• Provide a mechanism to determine the meaning of each word or phrase in text content

• Avoid unusual foreign words

• Use a series of dictionaries in cascading fashion to provide meanings

How to. Mandatory techniques

If the abbreviation has only one meaning within the Web page:

• Provide the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation for the first occurrence of the abbreviation in a Web page by providing the abbreviation immediately following the expanded form, linking to definitions or using the abbr and acronym elements
• Provide the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation for all occurrences of the abbreviation in a Web page by linking to definitions, using the link element to link to a glossary, or providing a glossary, a function to search an online dictionary or definitions for abbreviations by using the abbr and acronym elements

If the abbreviation means different things within the same Web page

• Provide the expansion or explanation of an abbreviation for all occurrences of abbreviations in a Web pagel inking to definitions or using the abbr and acronym elements

Additional, Advisory Techniques

• Use unique abbreviations in a Web page

• Use visual formatting to help users recognize abbreviations

• Provide access to a talking dictionary to support users who might have difficulty decoding written definitions

• Provide a voice-enabled dictionary search so that users who have difficulty typing or spelling can speak the word whose definition they need

How to. Mandatory techniques

• Provide a text summary that requires reading ability less advanced than the upper secondary education level
• Provide visual illustrations, pictures, and symbols to help explain ideas, events, and processes
• Provide a spoken version of the text
• Make the text easier to read
• Provide sign language versions of information, ideas, and processes that must be understood in order to use the content

Additional, Advisory Techniques

• Provide text for navigational and landing pages that requires reading ability that is less advanced than the lower secondary education level

• Provide text for interior pages that requires reading ability at the lower secondary education level

• Include content summaries in metadata

• Use the clearest and simplest language appropriate for the content

• Use RDF to associate supplements with primary content

• Provide a clear representational image on the site’s home page

• Clearly mark, by use of text or icon, content which has been optimized for easy reading

• Use sentences that contain no redundant words, that is, words that do not change the meaning of the sentence

• Use sentences that contain no more than two conjunctions

• Use sentences that are no longer than the typical accepted length for secondary education (Note: In English that is 25 words)

• Use sentences that do not contain complex words or phrases that could be replaced with more commonly used words without changing the meaning of the sentence

• Provide summaries for different sections of text

• Use metadata to associate alternatives at different reading levels.

• Use the Dublin Core accessibility element to associate text content with text, graphical, or spoken supplements

• Use the ISO AfA accessibility element to associate text content with text, graphical, or spoken supplements

• Use the IMS accessibility element to associate text content with text, graphical, or spoken supplements

• Make metadata viewable by humans

How to. Mandatory techniques

• Provide the pronunciation immediately following the word
• Link to pronunciations
• Provide a glossary that includes pronunciation information for words that have a unique pronunciation in the content and have meaning that depends on pronunciation
• Provide pronunciation information using the ruby element or standard diacritical marks that can be turned off

Additional, Advisory Techniques

• Providing pronunciations in a sound file, so that users can listen to the pronunciations of the word
• Providing a mechanism for finding pronunciations for all foreign words in text content
• Providing a mechanism to determine the pronunciations of each word or phrase in text content